REIGN OF ELIZABETH II

Galicia Alive

This period, when Elizabeth II assumes by herself the leadership of the Kingdom of Spain, begins precisely with the coming of age of Isabel II with only 13 years, which was granted to her especially by the Courts. That statement violated the Constitution of 1837 that set the coming of age at 17 years. The vote in favor of the coming of age was recorded in Act number 174 of the Courts, held on November 8, 1843 (18). The result will be published two days later, on November 10, 1843. This was done to avoid a third regency. In 1843, General Narváez returned to Valencia and on July 23, 1843 entered into Madrid, defeating Seoane’s Esparteristist troops in Torrejón de Ardoz, replacing Joaquín María López as President of the goverment.

It’s important to understand this period the related periods and events:

Index:

REIGN OF ISABEL II: Moderate Decade

With the beginning of the Reign of Elizabeth II, she was proclaimed queen on November 10, 1843 when she came of age of 13 years old. The first period of her reign is known as the Moderate Decade, because the government was dominated by the moderate party.

The Government of Ramón María Narváez Martínez had to face the progressive party and, in addition, the military proclamations against the government. One of the consequences of the triumph of the Narváez proclamation was the return from exile of the Queen Mother, María Cristina of Borbón dos Sicilias, in February 1844. She led one of the cliques that influenced Queen Elizabeth II in moderate liberalism.

The constitutional precepts were adapted to the Electoral Law of March 18, 1846 that restricted the active suffrage that was conditioned to Spaniards over 25 years of age who paid 400 reals of direct contribution and to certain professional categories that paid half.

The reform of the fiscal system contained in the Budget Law of May 23, 1845 which elaborated Alejandro Mon y Menéndez with it the bankrupt Spanish Treasury as a result of the Carlist Wars was reorganized, this reform was maintained until 1900 when it was replaced by that of Raimundo Fernández Villaverde.

1843 1843 Legislature
1843 Legislature 1843-1844
1844 Elections
1844 Legislature 1844-1845
1845 Legislature 1845-1846
1846 Legislature 1846-1847
REIGN OF ISABEL II: Revolutionary Boards in Galicia

In Galicia, local revolutionary boards were assumed by municipal power. On June 18, 1843 the Board of A Coruña was formed; on July 19, that of Lugo; on July 12, the Ferrol; on 21, the Vigo and Ourense , and July 24, Santiago de Compostela.

The Progressive Party, as in the rest of Spain, was divided between the supporters of Espartero and his clique from Ayacuchos and its detractors.

The esparteristas were the majority in Lugo and Pontevedra. The Army rose up in favor of Espartero in Ferrol and Vigo. The Provincial Board of Lugo ended up leaning decisively against Espartero.

The moderates positioned themselves against Espartero and were the majority in A Coruña, Ourense and Santiago.

The Board of Lugo on July 11, 1843 promoted Benito María Plá First Commander of the National Militia.

On July 15, 1843 the Central Board of Galicia was created, also located in the city of Lugo.

During the revolutions of 1843, in some places of Galicia those who had been humiliated and oppressed in September 1840 took revenge, suffering the same or worse fate. The case of the fight between Noia and A Pobra do Caramiñal left a terrible bloodshed.

REIGN OF ISABEL II: Revolutions during this period

Things did not calm down during the official reign of Queen Elizabeth II.

From September to November 1843, a progressive riot took place in Barcelona and it was called La Jamancia. The Jamancios took up arms against the Government, being the first popular uprising against the liberal state in Spain. During this riot, the city was bombed and besieged by order of the Captain General of Catalonia, José Laureano Sanz y Soto de Alfairzaz, attributed to General Juan Prim y Prat, who was besieging Gerona at the time.

The Proclamation of Medina in Noia was harshly repressed.

On November 13, 1844, a new uprising took place, this time by progressives, led by General Martín Zurbano Baras, who spoke in Néjara, Logroño, proclaiming the reestablishment of the 1837 Constitution and the return of progressive liberalism and its maximum supporter Baldomero Espartero. The uprising failed due to the lack of initiative of the other esparterist military personnel involved in it from the other provinces of the Peninsula. In Galicia the Officers of the Regiment of Zamora unsuccessfully rose up, which that year 1844 was established as the garrison of A Coruña.

REIGN OF ISABEL II: Constitution of 1845

During the Moderate Decade, a period of time that extends approximately 10 years from the appointment of Elizabeth II as monarch of the Kingdom, a new constitution of was drawn up with a moderate court. Many of the citizen rights of the previous constitutions were reverted.

In the text of the Constitution of 1845 (26) the revolutionary formula of the nation’s sovereignty no longer appeared, as in the Constitutions of 1812 and 1837, coming back to the traditional historical formula of sovereignty shared by the Courts and the King. The domain of the Crown over the other institutions was articulated through the fundamental prerogative of being able to appoint the Chief of e Government and at the same time the power of dissolution of Courts. It was intended to be a moderating royal instrument, but in reality, and as the facts themselves would show, it favored partisan political situations, this being one of the main causes of the successive government crises and, in the end, of the degeneration of the system itself.

The 1845 Constitution was said in its Preamble to be a reform of the 1837 Constitution to perfect and deepen it in a liberal sense, but the truth is it was a radically new Constitution. The aimed was enhancing the position of the Crown and consolidating a moderate bourgeoisie that was looking for the right mean between revolutionary radicalism and the conservatism of the Old Regime.

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REFERENCES

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