REGENCY OF MARÍA CRISTINA

Galicia Alive

The Regency of María Cristina covers a fairly long period of time in which highly relevant events are included. Among them are the Carlist War I, whose trigger was the abolition of the Salic Law, which allowed the infantaMaría Isabel Luisa de Borbón y Borbón-Dos Sicilias to accede to the throne “despite not being a man”. If Ferdinand VII hadn’t been abolished the Salic Law, the legitimate king would have been his brother Carlos María Isidro Benito de Borbón.

Index:

    • REGENCY OF MARÍA CRISTINA
      • Carlist War I [Guerra Carlista I]
      • Political Instability: Multiple Governments
      • Constitution of 1837
      • Revolutions during the Regency of María Cristina

Releated events:

REGENCY OF MARÍA CRISTINA: Carlist War I

The Carlist War I began on October 2, 1833. In this war, supporters of María Isabel Luisa de Borbón y Borbón-Dos Sicilias fought against supporters of Carlos María Isidro Benito de Borbón because both sides considered their supported the legitimate successor of Ferdinand VII. In addition, the Carlist side had the financial support of Prussia, the Russian Empire and the Austrian Empire. For its part, the side of the Elizabethans or “Christianians” had the support of Great Britain, France and Portugal.

At a territorial level, Euskadi and Navarra mostly supported the suitor Carlos because of his traditionalism, because of the support he gave to the local Catholic Church and because of the suitor’s support for the fueros (which is a special Treasury treatment). Aragon and Catalonia saw this war as an opportunity to recover their lost rights after the War of the Spanish Succession.

On the other side, liberals and moderates came together to support María Cristina and her daughter Elizabeth. They controlled the main institutions of the state, most of the army and all the important cities.

In the words of Vicente Pérez Galdós:

“ancient Spain, represented by the inept brother of Ferdinand VII, and modern Spain, symbolized by an innocent girl and a young, beautiful, helpless, sweet and magnanimous widow, who had known how to soften the heart of the monster with her tenderness destiny bound her”

The conflict ended on July 6, 1840. With the end of the Carlist War, problems did not end. Power struggles continued within the people who supported Queen Elizabeth II: the Moderate Liberals and the Progressive Liberals.

REGENCY OF MARÍA CRISTINA: Political instability: Multiple governments

Proof of the convulsive situation that existed in this period were the short periods of time that the legislatures endured, reaching more than one legislature per year:

1835 Legislature 1835-1836
1836 1836 Legislature
1836 Legislature 1836-1837
1837 Legislature 1837-1838

The confrontation between moderates and progressives prevented the normal and calm application of the rules of the Royal Statute, which led to the Mutiny of La Granja Sergeants in August 1836. This forced the restoration of the Cadiz Constitution of 1812 during the Regent María Cristina, since a new progressive government, putting an end to the brief existence of the Royal Statute, whose epitaph Larra wrote: “he lived and died in a minute”.

The promulgation of the Constitution of 1812 admitted the modifications that the passage of time could make necessary. To this end, new Courts, expressly elected as constituents in October 1837, began preparations for the constitutional reform.

The succession of governments, in the constant pressure of the progressives on the Regent, more favorable to the moderate position, and in the continuous tension between the two main political forces, each with its corresponding military support. This internal disintegration of the Liberals meant that the Carlist problem was not resolved until the Embrace of Vergara between Maroto and Espartero, on August 31, 1839, in its main area of ​​conflict, leaving other fronts open until July 6, 1840.

1838 Legislature 1838-1839
1839 1839 Legislature
1840 1840 Legislature
1840 1840 Legislature
1840 1840 Legislature
1840 1840 Legislature
REGENCY OF MARÍA CRISTINA: Constitution of 1837

The Constitution of 1837 was the work of progressives. However, it is no less true that it was a conciliatory text, which accepted the incorporation of some postulates of the moderate party, such as the existence of an Upper House or that the members of the Executive belonged to the Parliament, instead of the unicameralism and the pure division of powers established by the Constitution of Cádiz.

On the other hand, the Constitution articulated the principle of separation of powers in a flexible way, thus allowing collaboration between the Government and the Courts.

Among the rights that were included are personal liberty, the home inviolability, freedom of expression, criminal and procedural guarantees, the right to petition, equal access to public office and, of course, the guarantees of the right proprietary.

In its organic aspect, the most outstanding feature was the autonomy of the Cortes from the King.

The regime established by Constitution of 1837 was that of a constitutional Monarchy. On the one hand, it reinforced the powers of the King, ratifying the faculties, already provided for in the Royal Statute, of summoning and dissolving the Chamber, as well as the right of veto.

The Courts were made up of two co-legislative bodies with equal powers: the Congress of Deputies and the Senate.

The Senate had a mixed composition: on the one hand, there were elective-based senators, appointed by the King from among those included in a triple list made up of the same voters who attended the elections to Congress, whose mandate was for 9 years, being renewed by thirds every three years. On the other hand, there were senators in their own right, who were the sons of the King and the immediate heir to the Crown from the age of twenty-five.

REGENCY OF MARÍA CRISTINA: Revolutions during this period

During the Regency of María Cristina there were military uprisings with various demands.

For example, in 1838, a conspiracy was planned in Seville. Personalities such as General Ramón María Narváez y Campos (25), vice president of the Board, or General Luis Fernández de Córdova Valcárcel (24) were part of the Revolutionary Board (24). General Sanjuanena went to Seville in December 1838 and found that Deputy Álvarez was another of those who made up the Revolutionary Board, catching him infranganti, without having sufficient authority to arrest him.

Later, (22) (21) General Sanjuanena enters the city of Seville through the Triana gate, trying to reach Plaza de San Francisco with about 40 men opposing his passage by order of General Narváez. The opposition was in vain because of the will of General Sanjuanena, dissolving the Board and resign the command.

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